Peptide Tools for HIV Research
About Human Immunodeficiency Virus
There are currently two types of Human immunodeficiency virus: HIV-1 and HIV-2, with the former being more infectious and virulent, currently responsible for the majority of global infections.
HIV is part of the genus lentiviridae and family of retroviridae, with its categorization being attributed to its morphology and infection mechanism, respectively. Upon entering the infected cell the single stranded positive RNA virus makes use of reserve transcriptase to eventually insert its genetic material into the hosts’ DNA. The virus’ RNA, its associated nucleocapsid proteins, and reverse transcriptase are enveloped by a capsid structure and then by a spherical lipid membrane including env-glyco- (gp41 + gp120), and matrix proteins. Other landmark structural fusion proteins include POL and GAG, which assemble for optimal virion recruitment and spherical particle formation, and regulatory proteins such as NEF, which is required for virus replication and evading the host’s defense via downregulation of surface molecules. Tracking these specific proteins in immunity assays allows for accurate separation of viral replication stages.
HIV infection distinguishes between its latent/dormant and replicating stage, allowing for a long term evasion from the immune system, and – if left untreated – to acute acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus is either sexually transmitted through blood, semen, or vaginal fluids, or is transmitted non-sexually through the womb or breast milk, in the form of infected leukocytes or as a free virus.
According to the WHO, 1.5 million were newly infected with the virus in 2021, with 650.000 dying of AIDS in the same year, with an estimated 70% of HIV-positive people located in sub-Saharan African Countries.
HIV in Research
Since its discovery in 1981 the urgent need for treatment options, vaccinations, and preventative measures has led to many research milestones, especially in the latter department regarding pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis practices. No more does exposure to the virus necessarily mean an inevitable infection and a consequential death sentence, depending on accessibility to the treatment. However, the challenge of HIV evading the immune system’s detection remains.
JPT's HIV Peptide Formats
Cellular Immune Response
PepMix Peptide Pools
ENV, GAG, NEF and POL peptide pools were designed with focus on high coverage. A proprietary algorithm was used to obtain peptide combinations providing an optimal coverage of sequence variability.
- Antigen specific stimulation of T cells
- Immune monitoring of high-risk patients
- Qualification of immunodominant antigens
- Validating clinical T cell assays
- PepMix HIV-1 Ultra Pools: specialist peptide pools reflecting sequence variety through either Envelope (ENV) protein, GAG poly protein, POL polyprotein, or NEF proteins
- Custom PepMix Peptide Pools tailored to your specific needs
ENV, GAG, NEF and POL peptide pools were designed with focus on high coverage. A proprietary algorithm was used to obtain peptide combinations providing an optimal coverage of sequence variability.
As an alternative to PepMix Pools we also offer single antigen peptides and MHC multimers to profile antigen-specific immune responses for HIV.
- T cell assays in high-throughput T cell epitope discovery
- Monitoring of cellular immune response
- Clinical Trials
We are the experts for peptide synthesis with highest quality optimized for many applications. Our peptide synthesis service has a very high success rate (over 99%) as we optimize the appropriate peptide synthesis method for each peptide.
If you would like to order a quality peptide synthesis using regulated processes, choose JPT!
Humoral Immune Response
PepStar Peptide Microarrays
- Immune monitoring of humoral responses
- Profiling of HIV specific samples or antibodies
- Evaluation of co-infection
- Detection of epitopes and epitope spreading
- PepStar Antigen Collection HIV Ultra for various HI-virus antigens
- Custom PepStar Peptide Microarrays: you define content and layout
JPT’s HIV Ultra microarray displays overlapping peptide scans through HIV gag p17 and p24, tat, nef, env and the remaining immunogenic regions of the HIV proteome (6564 15mer peptides). It covers sequences from the most frequent clades (A, B, C, D, G, CRF1, CRF2) of HIV 1. We also offer our assay and analysis service using your samples with this high-content HIV peptide microarray.
Our tailored Peptide ELISA plates are offered as stand alone service for mapping of epitopes and definition of protein interaction sites or as validation assay to confirm results obtained with JPT’s peptide microarrays.
Clinical Peptides
Clinical Peptides
JPT’s Clinical Peptides product lines Clinical Grade and ISO Plus are produced in production environments that are regulated by an enhanced ISO 9001:2015 quality management system for the stringent product requirements of immunotherapy as well as vaccine and drug development. Depending on the specifics of the immunotherapy concept to be applied, the resulting products have been shown to be applicable in clinical applications.
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