C-terminal Modifications
A wide variety of C‑terminal modifications can be prepared by JPT's peptide synthesis group. Typical examples are shown in the following table. Other examples include the C-terminal attachment of thiols (Cys side chain), biotin (Lys or Cys side chain), Abz (Lys side chain) and other labels or dyes.
The default C-terminus of a peptide is either a free carboxylic acid or an amide. When a peptide is meant to imitate part of a parental protein sequence, the more “native” end relates to a C-terminal amide. In addition, this modification avoids the introduction of additional charges in the peptide molecule.
| Modification | Structure | Applications/Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Acid | Standard (charged C-terminus) | |
| Amide | Standard (uncharged C-terminus) | |
| Ester | For structure-activity relationships (SAR), removal of charge, prodrug | |
| Aldehyde | Reactive intermediate, e.g. for non-native chemical ligation with hydroxylamines / hydrazines, reductive amination with amines | |
| pNA (para-Nitroanilide) | Protease substrate furnishes UV active pNA (405 nm) upon cleavage by proteases | |
| Amc (7-amino-4-methylcoumarinyl) | Tools for studying proteases (activity and specificity) | |
| Hydrazide | Metal-binding structural motif found especially in aspartic protease inhibitors. Availability depending on specifications | |
| Hydroxamic acid | Zinc and iron binding structural motif, especially in protease inhibitors. Examples are: inhibitors of MMPs, HDAC etc. | |
| Chloromethyl ketone (CMK) | Motif in irreversible protease inhibitors. Availability depending on peptide sequence. Please inquire |
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